一.被动语态的翻译汉语和英语在语态使用上有较大的差异:英语中被动语态用的较多,在没有必要或不愿意说出或者时没办法说出动作发出者时,英语就用被动语态来表示.汉语虽然也有被动语态,但是还是比较倾向于使用主动语态,因此我们在进行翻译之时,在大多数情况下要根据汉语和英语的各自使用习惯来翻译.接下来,杭州翻译公司将以有关于被动语态翻译技巧的讲述之下,来让大家体会中英语之间的这种差异eg: Nowadays ,her songs are so popular among the young people that they are played on the radio every Sunday .现在,她的歌曲在年轻人中十分走红,每星期天都在电台播放就这句话而言,大家可以注意到的就是,英语使用的是被动语态,而中文使用的是主动语态,因为很明显,在英语中没有必要说出"播放"这个动作的执行者,而在中文之中,把播放译成"被播放"就显得十分的别扭好,现在杭州翻译公司将为大家讲解刚才一些句子的被动翻译技巧1)使用加词法使翻译在汉语中含有被动含义当使用英译中之时,我们可以使用一些汉语中表示被动的词,而不是简单的就只是用"被"这一个词,这样我们的译文就会变得生动很多如:由,给,受,把,使.得到,是….的,为….所请看以下几句句子:eg: Heads of federal departments are named by the President , and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials .联邦政府各部部长由总统任命,法官由人民直接选举,或者由选举出来的官员任命Though some people have been laid off because of automation , most have been absorbed by new industries and by the growth of service and leisure industries.有些人由于自动化而失了业,但是多数人为新兴产业及服务休闲业的扩大而吸收If a computer can be made complex enough , it can be as creative as we.如果能把电脑造的足够复杂的话,那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are "programmed" to do so .人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们给输入了解决问题的"程序"The quality of the product was limited by the cost.产品的质量受到了成本的限制The effort of the government was recognized by the public.政府的努力得到了公众的承认 2)直接译成主动结构*有些句子在汉语中,使用主动结构更为合适We both believe that through vigilance and strength , in your words , a war can be postponed , and in our words , war can be avoided.我们都认为, 有了警惕和实力,用你们的话说, 就可以推迟战争;用我们的话说,就可以避免战争.When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.1787年草拟宪法时,美国只有13个州What we say here will not be long remembered.我们这里所讲的话, 人们不会长久地记住 **常用结构的翻译It is said/reported/mentioned/pointed out that , 结构常译成主动结构It is said that the man was murdered by the black man.据说是那个黑人谋杀了那个人.It is reported that the new president is going to pay an official visit to Russia.据报道,新任总统将对俄罗斯进行一次正式访问It is know to all that China's opening to the outside world will have a positive influence on its economic development .大家都知道,中国对外开放将对其经济发展起积极的作用 <补充练习>Commercial cargoes are transported by highway, water and rail . One recent innovation is "containerized" cargo. At the factory, crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels , and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports , where large cranes lift them on to freight cars, barges or ships.商业货物由公路,水路与铁路来运输,近来发明了"集装箱"货运. 在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内,装箱密封后,挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口,用大吊车装上货物车厢,驳船或轮船. Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions : certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home , with parents separated or divorced , victims of various kinds of misfortune , including poverty and lack of education . But bad social conditions , in the obvious material sense , can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s . There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before , and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago , on indeed at any previous time .The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization , and beyond it .犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍,没有固定住处者, 父母分居或离婚者,各种灾祸的受害者,其中,包括贫困和缺乏教育者.可是社会物质条件差, 不能认为是六,七十年代犯罪剧增的主要原因.毕竟受穷者比以前少了,现在通过正当职业谋得相当满意的生计,比40年前,以至以往任何时候都容易多了. 这个问题在整个西方,以及其他地区都存在. 二.杭州翻译公司人名,地名的英译英语人名,地名,可以查找工具书,比如英汉辞典等等中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的,我们翻译人名,地名必须遵循"音译"的原则.必须注意的是:1) 用音译,慎用意译如:人名Wall, Sleep,译成:"沃尔"与"斯利普",不可译成"墙"与"睡".地名China同样不可译成"陶瓷",这也是众所周知的事了2) 人名中姓和名之间,用圆点间隔,如John Thomas Smith "约翰.托马斯.史密斯".3) 要熟记一些常用的译名比如:Franklin Roosevelt
罗斯福
Winston Churchill
邱吉尔Napoleon
拿破仑
Aristotle
亚里士多德Socrates
苏格拉底
New York
纽约New Orleans
新奥尔良
Los Angeles
洛杉矶Detroit
底特律
Chicago
芝加哥平时就多看看有关资料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留个底儿,这样就不会闹笑话了词在不同语境的翻译技巧在我们的翻译教程之中第12页,就有关于see在不同语境情况之下的不同翻译,这说明要准确的译出文章中关键词的意思,首先要注意语境的把握和上下文的搭配关系1) company的翻译He is fond of company.他爱交朋友Two is company, but three is none.两人成伴,三人不欢Among the company was an old man.这群人中有位老人Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl.跟狼在一起,就会学会狼叫("近墨者黑".)I fell into company with him .我偶然与他相识Misery loves company.同病相怜The host amused the company with singing .主人用歌唱来招待宾客He is employed in an electronic company.他在一家电器公司工作2) 红与red的译法英语中有redShe was dressed in red.她身穿红衣When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red.他竟批评起我的工作来了,我立即火冒三丈汉语中有"红"There has never been a cross word between the two of them,他俩从未红过脸He won a prize because his lucky star shone bright.他鸿(红)运当头因而中奖3) good的译法His mother was a good Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒Franklin was renowned for his good deeds富兰克林以他的德行而名扬四海Helen is as good as gold----most of the time.海伦很乖----大部分时间如此Mike is getting on in years , but both his hearing and eyesight are good.迈克已上了年纪,但他仍然耳聪目明The boss needs another good typist.老板还需要另外一名技术熟练的打字员His son had a good beating他儿子被狠狠地揍了一顿She has good looks她长得漂亮 <补充练习>THE HUMMING-BIRDOf all animated being this is the most elegant in form and the most brilliant in colors. The stones and metals polished by our arts are not comparable to this jewel of Nature. Her masterpiece is this little humming-bird , and upon it she has heaped all the gifts which the other birds may only share. Lightness, rapidity , nimbleness , grace and rich apparel all belong to this little favorite, The emerald , the ruby , and the topaz gleam upon it dress. It never soils them with the dust of earth , and in its aerial life scarcely touches the turf an instant . Always in the air , flying from flower to flower, it has their freshness as well as their brightness. It lives upon their nectar , and dwells only in the climates where they perennially bloom.在一切生物中,要算蜂鸟体型最优美,颜色最鲜艳.经过工艺加工得各种宝石和金属是无法跟这个大自然的珍宝媲美的.这种小蜂鸟是大自然的杰作,大自然把其他鸟类只能分享的种种天赋全部慷慨地给了它.这个小宠儿具有轻盈,敏捷,灵活,优雅以及羽毛绚丽等一切妙处.那翠绿的,艳红的,嫩黄色的羽毛闪闪发光.蜂鸟从不让它的羽毛沾染尘土,它生活在天空中,一刻也不碰到草皮.它总是在空中飞翔,从花丛飞向花丛;它像花一样新鲜,又像花一样艳丽.蜂鸟靠花蜜为生,它只生活在鲜花盛开的地带. 三.杭州翻译公司代词的翻译1)人称代词的翻译汉语之中人称代词用得比较少.在英语里,凡是能用人称代词取代名词的地方,都须用代词,而不重复名次.因此,人称代词在英语文章中随处可见,翻译要服从汉语习惯,不能简单的用词对词的方法处理比如下面的例子中将所有的"they"都译成他们,就会显得不那么自然2)物主代词的翻译除了人称代词含义是采取还原其所代替的名词之外,英语里的物主代词代替句中做主语的名次是,我们也要重复其做主语的名词,是译文更具体,更明确如下面的例子中将所有的their都译成他们的就会显得不自然  杭州翻译公司