英语最难学的就是语法知识。英语语法条目繁多,难记.而且枯燥无味。学生说,记了那么多的语法条目,很容易混淆,且不会用。这怎么办? 这好办。学语法,找规律,做个有心人;变复杂为简单,巧记固定搭配。下面就部分语法知识进行归纳:
一、非谓语动词 |
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watch,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和look at somebody do something。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。
而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise, avoid, consider, mind, allow, keep, enjoy, suggest, finish,risk,imagine, escape, need, delay, stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow, finish, practise ; advise/suggest, avoid,risk, consider, delay, escape/miss, enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require, mind, can’t help/can’t stand
二、复合句
1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。
2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.