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杭州翻译公司教你英语常用不规则动词

时间:2015-07-13 08:55来源:未知 作者:hzhxfy88888
  

 英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!

 

★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:


一、AAA型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)


costcostcost
cutcutcut
hithithit hurthurthurt
letletlet
putputput
readreadread
setsetset
shutshutshut


二、ABB型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)


1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)


bringbroughtbrought

buyboughtbought
thinkthoughtthought


2 词尾有-ild-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)


buildbuiltbuilt
lendlentlent
sendsentsent
spendspentspent


3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)


catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught


4-eep变为-ept。(3个)


keepkeptkept
sleepsleptslept
sweepsweptswept


5-ell变为-old。(2个)


telltoldtold
sellsoldsold


6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt-ilt。(4个)


smellsmeltsmelt
spellspeltspelt
feelfeltfelt
spillspiltspilt


7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)


learnlearntlearnt
meanmeantmeant
spoilspoiltspoilt


8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)


saysaidsaid
paypaidpaid
laylaidlaid
hearheardheard


9改变元音字母。(11个)


meetmetmet
getgotgot
sitsatsat
findfoundfound
holdheldheld
spitspatspat
shineshoneshone
winwonwon
hanghunghung
digdugdug
loselostlost


10改变辅音字母。(1个)


makemademade


11改变元、辅音字母。(4个)


leaveleftleft
standstoodstood
havehas)— hadhad
understandunderstoodunderstood


三、ABC型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)


1 iau变化。(6个)


beginbeganbegun
drinkdrankdrunk
singsangsung
ringrangrung
swimswamswum
sinksanksunk


2 词尾为-ow-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)


blowblewblown
drawdrewdrawn
growgrewgrown
knowknewknown
throwthrewthrownshow除外)


3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为dt,须双写dt后加n。(4个)(givehide除外)


drivedrovedriven
writewrotewritten
rideroderidden
riseroserisen


4 过去分词在过去式后加(en。(5个)


breakbrokebroken
choosechosechosen
freezefrozefrozen
speakspokespoken
wakewokewoken


5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)


forgetforgotforgotten


6 过去分词由原形加(en构成。(6个)


bewaswere)—been
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
givegavegiven
seesawseen
hidehidhiddenhid


7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)


taketooktaken
mistakemistookmistaken


8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)


dodiddone
flyflewflown
gowentgone
lielaylain
showshowedshown
wearworeworn


四、AAB型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)


beatbeatbeaten


五、ABA型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)


comecamecome
becomebecamebecome
runranrun


六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)


cancould
maymight
willwould
shallshould


★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。


一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:


costcuthithurtletputreadshut

(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)


二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:


beatbeatbeaten


三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:


comecamecome becomebecamebecome runranrun

comebecome,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomedwelcomed


四、 过去式,过去分词相同:


(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e


meetmetmet feedfedfed


(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t


feelfeltfelt sleepsleptslept
keepkeptkept sweepsweptswept


(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个lt


spellspeltspelt smellsmeltsmelt spillspiltspilt


(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught ought结尾


catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught bringbroughtbrought

buyboughtbought thinkthoughtthought


(5) stand改为stood


standstoodstood understandunderstoodunderstood


(6) ay改为aid


laylaidlaid paypaidpaid saysaidsaid


(7) d改为t


lendlentlent sendsentsent

spendspentspent buildbuiltbuilt


(8) i改为a , o, u


sitsatsat spitspatspat

digdugdug winwonwon


(9) ell改为old


telltoldtold sellsoldsold


(10) 词尾加t


learnlearntlearnt meanmeantmeant
dreamdreamtdreamt spoilspoiltspoilt


(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:


learnlearntlearnt learnlearnedlearned

shineshoneshone shineshinedshined

hanghunghung hanghangedhanged

smellsmeltsmelt smellsmelledsmelled

burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned

light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted


(12) 其它


havehas)/hadhad hearheardheard
shootshotshot loselostlost
holdheldheld getgotgotAmE gotten
findfoundfound makemademade

leaveleftleft


五、三者均不同:


(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾


blowblewblown flyflewflown

growgrewgrown knowknewknown
throwthrewthrown

值得注意的是:

showshowedshownshowed drawdrewdrawn


(2)ia变成过去式、改iu变成过去分词


beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk

ringrangrung singsangsung

swimswamswum sinksanksunk


(3)io变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾


drivedrovedriven writewrotewritten
riseroserisen rideroderidden


(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词


drivedrovedriven riseroserisen eatateeaten

givegavegiven fallfellfallen


(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词


breakbrokebroken choosechosechosen

freezefrozefrozen mistakemistookmistaken

stealstolestolen speakspokespoken

taketooktaken wakewokewoken(或woke


(6)其它


bewaswerebeen dodiddone forgetforgotforgotten

gowentgone hidehidhidden seesawseen

wearworeworn


六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。


wakewokewoken (或wokewakewakedwaked
sinksanksunk sinksunksunken


七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:


shinehang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shoneshone照耀 shinedshined擦亮
hunghung悬挂 hangedhanged绞死


八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词


lie躺卧laylainlying(现在分词)

lay放,下蛋laidlaidlaying

find 找到、发现findfoundfound

found 创建,成立 foundfoundedfounded


九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆


(一)词义相对:

(1) comecamecome来—— gowentgone

(2) givegavegiven给——getgotgotAmE gotten)获得

(3) sleepsleptslept睡觉—wakewokewoken (或woke

wakewakedwaked 醒来

(4) riseroserisen上升、上涨、升起——fallfellfallen下降、落下、倒下

sinksanksunk sinksunksunken 沉下, (使)下沉

(5) buyboughtbought买—— sellsoldsold出售,

(6) taketooktaken带去——bringbroughtbrought 带来

(7) teachtaughttaught教——learnlearntlearnt

learnlearnedlearned学习、学会

(8) loselostlost丢失、失败——findfoundfound找到

winwonwon赢得、(获)胜

(9) standstoodstood站、立——sitsatsat

(10) sendsentsent 送、寄、发送——getgotgot获得、收到


(二)词义相近:


(1) beatbeatbeaten , 打败 winwonwon赢得、获胜

(2) understandunderstoodunderstood , 了解

knowknewknown 知道, 了解, 认识

(3) getgotgotAmE gotten)变成、成为、变得

becomebecamebecome 变成, 成为, 变得

gowentgone变成turnturnedturned变成

(4) spendspentspent 花费、度过

paypaidpaid 支付、交纳

costcostcost花费、价值为

taketooktaken花费

(5) saysaidsaid说、讲

speakspokespoken说、演讲

telltoldtold 告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talktalkedtalked谈话, , 谈论, 议论


★记忆法三:


1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。


letlet, putput, hithit, mustmust, setset, beatbeat, castcast, costcost, cutcut, hurthurt, readred, shutshut

(shedshed splitsplit spreadspread burstburst)


2.元音字母的变化。

ia: beginbegan, drinkdrank, ringrang, singsang, swimswam, givegave, sitsat, sinksank

io: drivedrove, riderode, shineshone, writewrote, riserose, winwon,

(strivestrove arisearose)

iou: findfound (windwound, bindbound, grindground)

aoo: taketook, shakeshook

eo: getgot, forgetforgot

oa: comecame, becomebecame

ooo: shootshot, choosechose


3.元音字母组合的变化。

aw/ow/yew:drawdrew, blowblew, growgrew, knowknew, throwthrew, flyflew


4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。


(1) sellsold, telltold, retellretold

(2) saysaid, paypaid, laylaid, relayrelaid

(3) sweepswept, keepkept, sleepslept, creepcrept

(4) bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought, fightfought

(5) catchcaught, teachtaught

(6) cancould, willwould, shallshould


5.辅音字母变化。


(1)buildbuilt, sendsent, bendbent, lendlent, rendrent, spendspent

(2)makemade, havehad, hearheard

(3)meanmeant, learnlearnt

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